Advertisements Define Females Beauty Standard Media Essay

Advertisements Define Females Beauty Standard Media EssayAdvertisements in women magazines has became active when merchandiseer realised the bribe power of women, Marchland, 1985 suggested that in 1920s female person purchasing power took over 80 percent of the upstanding consumer purchases. That was because the gender role of female at that cartridge clip was home orientated, they were liable for familial expenditure. As time changes, when the market of home orientated product got saturated, marketing then stereotypes women interconnected with sexuality. Courtney and Lockeretz suggested four general stereotypes of women were presented in print publicizing A womans place is in the home women do not make key findings or do important smoothgs women are dependent and need mens protection and men regard women to begin with as sexual objects (Courtney Whipple, 1983 pp.7).The beginning of media influence on peach standardThe advertizing agencies interestred women as ecumenic Purchasing Agent, as purchasing agents, women could command respect for exhibiting qualities previously honoured primarily in men-capacities for planning, efficiency, and expert ending making (Marchand 1958 pp.168). The G.P.A has became a corner stone of advertising in the field of female market, during this period advertising lots adopt the theme of successful woman gain kind acceptance and social approval through prosecuteing or consuming a particular product.McEwen suggested in 1976 that, from the field of social psychology, advertising agencies use up employed the belief of the social ego as a prescript technique in advertisements by defining what was socially approved and what was not. During the phrase of social acceptance, the media portrayed the role of women as being responsible for broadening their social and intellectual interests as well as maintain youthful in prepare to be a late companion for their husbands. They needed to preserve their youth so that they c ould beautify their husbands lives and victuals pace with them during evenings of dancing and the theatre (Marchand 1985 pp.175).The importance of being self conscious of form image and mien has been introduced through media, especially with the reinforcement of advertising in the late 1920s. In the middle of her mechanically engineered kitchen, the modern housewife was expected to be overcome with fill in of whether her self, her body, her personality were viable in the socio sexual market that define her job. Advertisements utilize pictures of veiled nudes and women in auto-erotic stances to encourage self comparison and to remind women of the primacy of their sexuality (McEwen 1976 pp.179). The regard female images in which portrayed in media has always been changing, so is the standard of kayo perceived within the society. The media provides precedentised body images of women by providing role models or examples of attractive women, for example, catwalk models and actre sses. In which, auditions could compare themselves with the idealised body shape or appearance. The idealised body shaped has changed from being voluptuous and curvaceous in the mid-forties and 1950s to being busty and narrow-hipped from the late 1960s through the 1980s (Straight 2005 pp.2)The reason of which the idealised beauty standard has always been changing was because companies need to create an unsustainable beauty standard to ensure targeted consumer will have purchasing different goods to maintain satisfied with their appearance. Freedman, 1986 mentioned the beauty ideal was impossible to achieve and this could lead to feelings of insufficiency. The feelings of inadequacy were often fed by cosmetic and diet product manufactures, in which the primary objective of their advertisement campaigns were to persuade women they could improve their imperfections only by consuming their products.However the effects of media have on audience can vary due to individual differences. Audience with different personalities, pass experiences and social context examine the messages of the media differently, in addition, different medium withal provides different influence for audience, and for example, the influence of advertisement shall be strongest among the mediums, because the principle of advertising is to influence audiences behaviour and value.Ethical issues with advertising influenceThe internalization of an attractiveness ideal and a perception of body dissatisfaction may serve to mediate the relationship in the midst of media exposure and disordered eat (Stice et al, 1994). Media Awareness Network journal reported over three quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message on how to alter and improve womans bodily appearance by cosmetic operating room or diet. The ratio of diet ads in mens and women magazine is 1 10, in which the ratio of eating disorders in men and women is identical. This indicates a relationship between exp osure to diet ads and eating disorders, however gender differences may also affect behaviour.Theories of media influence on beauty standardSocial comparison theoryA supposed model use social comparison processes can be offered to explain how exposure to the socio-cultural thin and attractive ideal leads to increased body dissatisfaction (Heinberg and Thompson, 1992 Smolak et al, 1993 Thompson et al, 1991).This theory suggests that individuals make upward comparison with others who offers specific, valued attributes. It also takes individual differences into account, for example, the differences in regard of self-esteem. Mintz and Betz, 1988, conducted a search that shown female college students who felt dissatisfied with their bodies image were much liable(predicate) to conform to the stereotyped body presented in the media as attractive. This theory suggested that social comparison does not only occurs through comparison with images in the media but also with social group, e. g. friends and families member. The studies of social comparison often reported positive correlation between social comparison and body dissatisfaction.Schema theorySelf-schema theory envisages body images as a mental construction rather than an objective evaluation (Markus, 1977). A self schema is an individuals mental perception of the way they are. This mental presentation has established over time mainly through pass experience of what others labelled or referred them in a particular way. For example, I am attractive or I am skinny. These softs of attributes are taken into account in self belief and self esteem.Schema have been defined as cognitive generalizations intimately the self, derived from pass experiences, that organize and pull back the processing of self-related breeding contained in the individuals social experience (Markus, 1977 pp.64). According to Markus, 1997, schematics constantly evaluate stimuli that are germane(predicate) for their body weight. Media i mages are one of the stimuli that trigger new schemas.The buyer decision processesAccording to Nicosia, F. 1966, a consumer decision making process involves five stages traditionally, which are problem recognition, information search, evaluate of alternatives, product choice and outcome. line recognition occurs when consumer realises a significant difference between the consumers current state and the ideal state he/she desired. The consumer sees this as a problem and requires a solution to solve, when the problem has been recognised, consumer will need adequate information to resolve the problem, in which the consumer will enter the information stage. There are briefly two kind of information search, the internal search and the external search. Internal search begins when consumer search alternative product from front experience and his/her existing knowledge on a particular product and its alternatives, external search is when consumer gathers illuminating from external cues, f or example, friends and advertisements. Finally, the consumer will enter the stage of evaluation of alternatives.The buyer decision model are often used in advertisements, taking the Rimmel Mascara commercial 2007 as an example, the commercial started with Kate Moss ( the famous model) ordainting on mascara composition a male narrator saying the to a greater extent you put on, the sexier you are. The commercial intend to show differences between the audience current and ideal state of desire by showing the image of Kate Moss with the Rimmel Mascara on. By using a model that majority regard her as attractive, this create an upward comparison with others who offers specific, valued attributes. This could refer to the social comparison theory. The Rimmel Mascara also offered a solution for the problem, the commercial emphasis the more Rimmel mascara the audience put on the sexier they will be. The positive reinforcement shows the cause and effect of the Rimmel mascara and this incre ase the likelihood of conformity.Industry background signalAdvertising industryThe United Kingdom advertising industry was worth over 16.5 billion in 2001. There are estimated 600 agencies in London and 20 agencies among the 600 agencies are full emolument agencies.Agencies can be categorized as 5 distinct types of agenciesCreative agenciesMedia agenciesDirect marketing agenciesDigital/online agenciesFull service agenciesRole of the agenciesCreative agencies work on behalf of clients, develop creative ideas for an advertising campaign.Media agencies consults clients on where, when and how to spending advertising budgets.Direct marketing agencies provide clients address and strategic communication with the target audience, for example, direct mail.Digital/online agencies traffic at digital communication. For example, search engine marketing.Full service agencies combine all the services of creative, media, direct marketing, digital/online agencies. question questions and objectiv esAimTo explore the methods and strategies that advertising agencies use to influence womens perception of beauty standard.Research questionWhich methods and strategies used my advertising agencies are more efficient to stimulate womens conformity to the presented beauty ideal?ObjectivesTo discuss the methods and strategies used by advertising agencies to influence female beauty standard.To compare the difference, between female in the age groups of 12-18 and 21 27, their perception of beauty standard influenced by printed advertisement.To investigate the ethical issue of advertising the idealised beauty.Research methodologyResearch approachesDeductive approachDeductive approach is employ when a researcher develops a hypothesis that can be tested by a research strategy.Inductive approachInductive approach is employ when researchers collects information and develops theory as a force of information compendium.Research strategiesThere are mainly seven research strategies that are being used in business researches. look into.Questionnaire.Interview.Case study.Action research.Grounded theory.Ethnography.Archival research.SamplingStatisticians have proved the larger the consume size, the nearer its distribution will be to the normal distribution, statisticians also suggested that a sample size of 30 or more will be more likely to result in a sample distribution for the mean that is close to normal distribution. Stutely, 2003 suggested a minimum number of 30 for statistical analysis provide valuable rule of thumb for the smallest number in each group of the overall sample. whence the sampling size of my primary research will be 30.Strategies for my primary researchExperimentExperiment is a classical form of research that owes much to the natural science, although it features strongly in much social science research, particularly psychology. The purpose of an investigate is to study casual links whether a change in one independent variable produces a change in another dependent variable (Hakim, 2000). The experiment strategy concerns the relationship between two variables, it is often used in explanatory or wildcat research to find out why and how questions. The experiment usually takes place in a rigorously controlled situation, for example, laboratory to eliminate threats to internal validity. However, whilst the strictly controlled situation enhances the internal validity, the external validity is often onerous to establish, as the controlled situation is often not a real life situation.Strategies for my second-string research duplex source secondary dataMultiple source secondary data will be an amalgam of twain documentary and survey secondary data. It will take account of books, journals, articles, newspaper and previous research. The secondary research will be used to cover objectives below. It will be a mixture of soft (theoretical) and quantitative (numerical) data.To discuss the methods and strategies used by advertising a gencies to influence female beauty standard.To investigate the ethical issue of advertising the idealised beauty.The reason of using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative interlocking is to produce that can be statistically analyse to identify relationship between variables and to have theoretical data to support my research.How the experiment will be conductedThe experiment will be carrying out in order to fulfil objective two. (Compare the difference, between female in the age groups of 12-18 and 21 27, their perception of beauty standard influenced by advertisement.)The reasons of choosing the age groups of 12-18 and 21-27 are because of the significant differences in cognitive maturity. Adolescents are also more likely to conform due to the high need of social acceptance.HypothesisAdolescents are more likely to conform to the ideal beauty presented in the media.The sampling30 participants in each age group.Participants selected by random sampling in central London.The expe riment will be conducted under a controlled situation, for example, a concourse room in London.MethodThe method below will be repeated in both 12-18 and 21-27 age group.Divide each age group participants into experimental group and control group.both groups will be given a survey questioning how satisfy the participant feel about their appearance.Experimental group will be given 10 printed advertisements with attractive female before they dress the survey.The control group will not be given printed advertisements before they answer the survey.Compare the results of both experimental group and control group.Statistically analysis the result of both age groups.ResourcesInternet devil for secondary data.Library access for secondary data.Experiment will be host in the conference room of my uncles office, in which permission has been gained and cost free.Excel software to analysis primary research.Printer.Financial resources shipping fees for participants involves in primary research. Additional cost for employing participants in primary research if volunteer participants could not be found.Budget5 pounds transportation fee for each participant.Cost of employing participant will be estimated at 10 pounds each.Total cost = 90pounds.